# the oxygen isotope with 8 neutrons

b. The mass number, however, is 6 in the isotope with 3 neutrons, and 7 in the isotope with 4 neutrons. Based on the evidence, construct an argument on whether data about isotopic ratios support the giant impact hypothesis. This isotope is naturally occurring isotope of oxygen. Log in. Can be used in studying certain metabolic pathways. For example, helium-3 or He-3 is the same as writing 3 He or 31 He, the most common isotope of helium, which has two protons and one neutron. Mass of the nucleus of 816. Oxygen Isotopes. To write the symbol, we need to things, the atomic number and atomic mass. Charlotte_Young73. Determine the number of protons and neutrons in a carbon-14 isotope and write its symbol in the form axz 6 protons, 8 neutrons top=14 -- bottom=6 -- C Rubidium has two naturally occurring isotopes: Rb-85 with mass 84.9118 amu and a natural abundance of 72.17%, and Rb-87 with mass 86.9092 amu and a natural abundance of 27.83%. Add a neutron to the atom. What the symbol for the oxygen isotope with 10 neutrons? All oxygen atoms have 8 protons, but the nucleus might contain 8, 9, or 10 neutrons. Click hereto get an answer to your question ️ Calculate the binding energy of the oxygen isotope 8^16O . The isotope O:18 therefore has 2 extra neutrons = 10. [9] Researchers need to avoid improper or prolonged storage of the samples for accurate measurements.[9]. Sodium isotope with 13 neutrons Sodium isotope with 13 neutrons Objects  formed in different parts of the solar system  contain different proportions  of 16O, 17O, and 18O, so their rocks fall on different lines. By adding up the number of protons and neutrons we can identify the different isotopes for each element. This is a model of oxygen, because the nucleus (glass bowl) has eight protons. It therefore has 8 electrons also for charge neutrality. Answers (2) Damon 26 April, 00:31. Oxygen has three isotopes: 16 O (8 protons and 8 neutrons), 17 O (8 protons and 9 neutrons), and 18 O (8 protons and 10 neutrons). Oxygen is a chemical element with atomic number 8 which means there are 8 protons in its nucleus. Question: Review Constant Part A The Oxygen Isotope With 8 Neutrons Express Your Answer As An Isotope. ΑΣΦ T ? 16 and 18 are atomic masses of isotopes 16O and 18O. Express your answer as an isotope. Submit Request Answer Part C The Sodium Isotope With 12 Neutrons Express Your Answer As An Isotope. It can be used, amongst other applications, in water for PET myocardial perfusion imaging and for brain imaging. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Show transcribed image text. On heaviest example, we have his oxygen 18 which has eight protons on 10 new drones. This is a model of oxygen, because the nucleus (glass bowl) has eight protons. The X represents the chemical symbol of the element for the isotope. 24.56 amu. The Oxygen-18 isotope has an extra two neutrons, for a total of 10 neutrons and 8 protons, compared to the 8 neutrons and 8 protons in a normal oxygen atom. See the answer. Dubbed “featherweight oxygen,” oxygen-11 has only three neutrons to its eight protons. The researchers—from Washington University, Western Michigan University, University of Connecticut, and Michigan State University—created oxygen-11 in the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University. Actual mass of the nucleus of 816. . Calculate the atomic mass of magnesium. An important method for the study of long-term climate change involves isotope geochemistry. Tables, graphs, and references", "Nucleosynthesis and galactic chemical evolution of the isotopes of oxygen", Workgroup on Oxygen in the Earliest Solar System, "Oxidized silver cups can skew oxygen isotope results of small samples", "Periodic Table of Elements: F - Fluorine", "oxygen 15 - definition of oxygen 15 by Medical dictionary", "Lightning strikes leave behind a radioactive cloud", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_oxygen&oldid=992635620, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 6 December 2020, at 09:22. Measurements of the ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 are often used to interpret changes in paleoclimate. Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z. The element symbol for oxygen is O and its atomic number is 8. Oxygen atoms have 8 protons and 8 electrons and exist as three main isotopes, which vary in the number of neutrons: 16O (8 neutrons), 17O (9 neutrons), and 18O (10 neutrons). The answer is A. 8Be. Expert Answer . 0. It consists of 8 protons and electrons, and 5 neutrons. What the symbol for the oxygen isotope with 10 neutrons? Nevertheless, this isotope, 10 Be, has a half-life of 1.39 million years, which indicates unusual stability for a light isotope with such a large neutron/proton imbalance. 16O → 8 protons + 8 neutrons; a “light” oxygen); The relative amounts are expressed as either 18O/16O or δ 18O Oxygen - 18 (aka 18O → 8 protons + 10 neutrons; a “heavy” oxygen). The number of neutrons is always equal to the mass number- the atomic … [5], Both 17O and 18O are secondary isotopes, meaning that their nucleosynthesis requires seed nuclei. the oxygen isotope with 8 neutrons. Together with rays produced from positrons from nitrogen-13 they may only be detected for a minute or so as the "cloud" of 15O and 13N floats by, carried by the wind.[23]. # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN). Submit Request Answer Part B The Fluorine Isotope With 10 Neutrons Express Your Answer As An Isotope. 2. The relative abundance of these stable isotopes can be expressed as ratios. This problem has been solved! … Explain what this means in terms of the number of protons and neutrons. 17O/16O is a measure of how much 17O there is compared to 16O (relative to a known standard and multiplied by 1000, because these are very small differences). “Oxygen, having the atomic mass of 16, must therefore have what electrons and neutrons?” This question is very poorly worded and cannot be answered without making certain assumptions that are not warranted by the wording of the question. the oxygen isotope with 8 neutrons . 8+8=16 Therefore the average atomic mass is 16 g/mol. #"A=Z+N"# #"A=8+8=16"# This isotope of oxygen is oxygen-16. O contains 8 protons, 8 neutrons and 8 electrons. For oxygen, the isotope with 8 protons and 8 neutrons makes up 99.7% of all oxygen atoms, so its a safe bet to say that oxygen almost always has 8 protons and 8 neutrons. Question: The Oxygen Isotope With 8 Neutrons Express Your Answer As An Isotope. Characterizing the relative amounts of different isotopes of an element can help identify where a sample came from. ΑΣΦ ? To write the symbol, we need to things, the atomic number and atomic mass. Express your answer as an isotope. The relative and absolute abundance of 16O is high because it is a principal product of stellar evolution and because it is a primary isotope, meaning it can be made by stars that were initially made exclusively of hydrogen. If we look at a Periodic Table, we can see that Oxygen in the 16th period, 2nd row, has this mass. An atomic mass of 16 was assigned to oxygen prior to the definition of the unified atomic mass unit based upon 12C. The isotope O:18 therefore has 2 extra neutrons = 10. if you go to the periodic table, you see that Oxygen's atomic number is 8. for the atomic mass, we need to determine it. It consists of 8 protons and electrons, and 5 neutrons. [10] Since physicists referred to 16O only, while chemists meant the naturally-abundant mixture of isotopes, this led to slightly different mass scales between the two disciplines. Answers (2) Damon 26 April, 00:31. Oxygen-17 has 9 neutrons and 8 protons, 8Be has 4 neutrons and 4 protons, and lithium-5 has 2 neutrons and 3 protons. This isotope is noticeably lighter than oxygen-16, which has eight neutrons and is oxygen’s most natural abundant form (about 99.7 percent). 27 13 Al. Part B. the fluorine isotope with 10 neutrons . This isotope of carbon has 8 neutrons and 6 protons. “Light” oxygen16, with 8 protons and 8 neutrons, is the most common isotope found in … Oxygen is made up of two isotopes: Oxygen - 16 (also known as. The number of neutrons depends on the isotope. O:16 has an atomic mass of 16. By discovering the ratio of 16O to 18O in a fossil, scientists can obtain a reasonable estimate for the temperature at the time the organism existed. 16.12 = 100(90 × 16) + … The relative abundance of these stable isotopes can be expressed as ratios. 24.56 amu. The mass number, however, is 6 in the isotope with 3 neutrons, and 7 in the isotope with 4 neutrons. For instance, lithium exists as an isotope with 3 neutrons, and as an isotope with 4 neutrons, but it doesn't exist as an isotope with 2 neutrons or as an isotope with 5 neutrons. [5] Most 16O is synthesized at the end of the helium fusion process in stars; the triple-alpha reaction creates 12C, which captures an additional 4He to make 16O. The mass difference is caused by different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus. 23 11 Na. [11] For example, 24O has a half-life of 61 ms.[12] The most common decay mode for isotopes lighter than the stable isotopes is β+ decay (to nitrogen)[13][14][15] and the most common mode after is β− decay (to fluorine). Answer. For example, helium-3 or He-3 is the same as writing 3 He or 31 He, the most common isotope of helium, which has two protons and one neutron. Top Answer. [18][19] It has 8 protons, 7 neutrons, and 8 electrons. [17], Oxygen-15 is an isotope of oxygen, frequently used in positron emission tomography, or PET imaging. In the model shown, the round green marbles represent protons and the flat blue marbles represent neutrons. “Oxygen, having the atomic mass of 16, must therefore have what electrons and neutrons?” This question is very poorly worded and cannot be answered without making certain assumptions that are not warranted by the wording of the question. Oxygen isotope ratio cycles are cyclical variations in the ratio of the abundance of oxygen with an atomic mass of 18 to the abundance of oxygen with an atomic mass of 16 present in some substances, such as polar ice or calcite in ocean core samples, measured with the isotope fractionation.The ratio is linked to water temperature of ancient oceans, which in turn reflects ancient climates. Oxygen has 8 protons as its atomic number is 8. For oxygen, the isotope with 8 protons and 8 neutrons makes up 99.7% of all oxygen atoms, so its a safe bet to say that oxygen almost always has 8 protons and 8 neutrons. Click here to show answer. Example nuclear symbols for oxygen would be oxygen-16, oxygen-17, and oxygen-18, which have 8, 9, and 10 neutrons, respectively. 19 9 F. the sodium isotope with 12 neutrons. Thirteen radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 15O with a half-life of 122.24 s and 14O with a half-life of 70.606 s.[11] All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 27 s and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 83 milliseconds (ms). There are three known stable isotopes of oxygen (8O): 16O, 17O, and 18O. Another isotope of oxygen has 9 neutrons. Lithium-5. This graph compares the oxygen isotope ratios for rock samples from the Moon, meteorites from Mars, and meteorites from asteroid Vesta, as compared to rock samples from Earth, represented by a line. Comment; Complaint; Link; Kambrie 26 April, 16:18. Three isotopes of oxygen, each containing 8, 9, 10 neutrons respectively has the % of one isotope (containing 8 neutrons) 90%. #"A=8+9=17"# This isotope is oxygen-17. Reason: This is new isotope of oxygen. Mass number of isotope of O with 10 neutrons = 18 [ (10 - a)%] Average atomic weight = 16.12. Lithium-5. It has a half-life of 122.24 seconds. 30 terms. 0. Similarly, 18O/16O indicates how much 18O there is compared to 16O. Oxygen-17. The slighty greater mass of 18 O—12.5 percent more than 16 O—results in differentiation of the isotopes in the Earth’s atmosphere and hydrosphere. O:16 has an atomic mass of 16. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10-19 coulombs. Part D. the aluminum isotope with 14 neutrons . O = 16− Mass of 8 electrons. “Light” oxygen16, with 8 protons and 8 neutrons, is the most common isotope found in … Express your answer as an isotope. The next isotope we're looking at is Oxygen 17 which has eight protons and nine new drugs on the last. This problem has been solved! Previous question Next question Transcribed Image Text from this Question. Review Constant Part A … It decays to nitrogen-13 by electron capture, and has a decay energy of 17.765 MeV. It has a spin of 3/2-, … Oxygen is composed of 8 protons, and in its most common form with 8 neutrons, giving it an atomic weight of 16 ( 16 O) -- this is know as a "light" oxygen. Therefore, their ratios fall along a line with a particular slope when plotted on a graph. ΑΣΦ ? Generally, in the radiopharmaceutical industry, enriched water (H 2 18 O) is bombarded with hydrogen ions in either a cyclotron or linear accelerator, creating fluorine-18. So in this example we were looking at oxygen. The isotope 816. . Now there is something called "isotopes", in which the atom of … 16 is the mass number of oxygen . [5] Most 18O is produced when 14N (made abundant from CNO burning) captures a 4He nucleus, becoming 18F. Oxygen is a chemical element with atomic number 8 which means there are 8 protons in its nucleus. 0. The mass numbers for oxygen must be 8 + 8 = 16; 8 + 9 = 17; 8 + 10 = 18 . Remember the commonest iotope of oxygen is O-16 which contains 8 protons, 8 neutrons & 8 electrons 8 protons + 8 neutrons = 16 nucleons . $8.99. Previous question Next question Transcribed Image Text from this Question. YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE... 5.$8.99. =16−8×0.0005486= 159956amu. Oxygen-16. the aluminum isotope with 14 neutrons. Submit Previous Answers Request Answer X Incorrect; Try Again: One Attempt Remaining. Jan 13, 2013 - Oxygen Element Explained The Oxygen element is an essential part of life on Earth and also serves as an excellent example in the process of metal corrosion which will aid our understanding of … The neon burning process creates additional 16O. The name of this isotope is Oxygen - 17. Now there is something called "isotopes", in which the atom of the same element, has an altered configuration - different number of neutrons. Two isotopes of oxygen are 18O and 16O. … The total atomic mass is 15.0030654 amu. 16 8 O. the fluorine isotope with 10 neutrons. The dominant oxygen isotope is 16O, meaning it has 8 protons and 8 neutrons, but 18O, an isotope with 10 neutrons, also exists. #"A=8+10=18"# This oxygen isotope is oxygen-18. Click here to show answer. You must be signed in to save work in this lesson. 0. It may be extracted from krypton-xenon concentrate. The positron quickly annihilates with an electron, producing two gamma rays of about 511 keV. It consists of 8 protons and electrons, and 5 neutrons. Argon has three naturally occurring isotopes, … Answers (2) Jolen 5 February, 09:39. 19 9 F. the sodium isotope with 12 neutrons. What the symbol for the oxygen isotope with 10 neutrons? This isotope is noticeably lighter than oxygen-16, which has eight neutrons and is oxygen’s most natural abundant form (about 99.7 percent). The element now is Oxygen. YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE... 5. Review Constant Part A … It has a spin of 3/2-, and a half-life of 8.58 ms. Its atomic mass is 13.0248 Da. 27 13 Al. Oxygen atoms have 8 protons and 8 electrons and exist as three main isotopes, which vary in the number of neutrons: 16 O (8 neutrons), 17 O (9 neutrons), and 18 O (10 neutrons). It has a spin of 3/2-, and a It consists of 8 protons and electrons, and 5 neutrons. Submit Request Answer Part B The Fluorine Isotope With 10 Neutrons Express Your Answer As An Isotope. 8Be. Answer 2: I'll start by answering the question directly: in general, elemental oxygen has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons. Oxygen, whose atomic number is eight, has three stable isotopes: $^{16} \mathrm{O},^{17} \mathrm{O},$ and $^{18} \mathrm{O}$. 0. 19 10 F. Part C. 23 11 Na . if you go to the periodic table, you see that Oxygen's atomic number is 8. for the atomic mass, we need to determine it. If any of the species is an isotope of oxygen then mass number (A) given in the question = 8 + number of neutrons given in the question. The answer is A. Studies of other isotopes including silicon, chromium, titanium, and tungsten in Moon samples also show similarities with Earth samples. In the model shown, the round green marbles represent protons and the flat blue marbles represent neutrons. After a lightning bolt, this gamma radiation dies down with a half-life of two minutes, but these low-energy gamma rays go on average only about 90 metres through the air. Chemistry Unit 2. Calculate the atomic mass of magnesium. Oxygen-13 is an unstable isotope of oxygen. Show transcribed image text. Oxygen-17 has 9 neutrons and 8 protons, 8Be has 4 neutrons and 4 protons, and lithium-5 has 2 neutrons and 3 protons. Part A. [16] Its parent nuclide is fluorine-14. Problem 39. [7] Because water molecules containing the lighter isotope are slightly more likely to evaporate and fall as precipitation,[8] fresh water and polar ice on earth contains slightly less (0.1981%) of the heavy isotope 18O than air (0.204%) or seawater (0.1995%). Chemistry - TEAS Science | PreNursingSma… PrenursingSmarterPro. Isotopes are the same type of atom with different masses. The dominant oxygen isotope is 16O, meaning it has 8 protons and 8 neutrons, but 18O, an isotope with 10 neutrons, also exists. At different places on the planet, the amounts of the isotopes may differ, but their ratios will be the same. This isotope of carbon has 8 neutrons and 6 protons. An important method for the study of long-term climate change involves isotope geochemistry. Oxygen-13 is an unstable isotope of oxygen. In nature, only certain isotopes exist. Example nuclear symbols for oxygen would be oxygen-16, oxygen-17, and oxygen-18, which have 8, 9, and 10 neutrons, respectively. Expert Answer . 17O is primarily made by the burning of hydrogen into helium during the CNO cycle, making it a common isotope in the hydrogen burning zones of stars. This disparity allows analysis of temperature patterns via historic ice cores. In addition, at room temperature, oxygen's state is gaseous. 0. [5] Approximately a billion degrees Celsius is required for two oxygen nuclei to undergo nuclear fusion to form the heavier nucleus of sulfur.[6]. Well, we use the number of protons and number of neutrons and add them up to give us the average atomic mass. To write the symbol, we need to things, the atomic number and atomic mass. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10-19 coulombs. Answer 2: I'll start by answering the question directly: in general, elemental oxygen has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons. | ΑΣφ T ? Its atomic number is 8. Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z. They discovered and characterized oxygen-11, the lightest-ever isotope of oxygen. [21], Oxygen-15 and nitrogen-13 are produced in the atmosphere when gamma rays (for example from lightning) knock neutrons out of oxygen-16 and nitrogen-14:[22], The oxygen-15 isotope decays with a half-life of about two minutes to nitrogen-15, emitting a positron. This quickly decays to 18O making that isotope common in the helium-rich zones of stars. See the answer. Oxygen has a mass number of 16.00 with atomic number 8 which means there are 8 electrons and 8 protons. Answer. 23 11 Na. ΑΣΦ T ? Oxygen is composed of 8 protons, and in its most common form with 8 neutrons, giving it an atomic weight of 16 (16 O) -- this is know as a "light" oxygen. Question: The Oxygen Isotope With 8 Neutrons Express Your Answer As An Isotope. Sign in to your PBS LearningMedia account to save your progress and submit your work, or continue as a guest. The element symbol for oxygen is O and its atomic number is 8. Oxygen (O:16) has 8 protons, 8 neutrons and 8 electrons. Half-life, decay mode, nuclear spin, and isotopic composition is sourced in: "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)", "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties", "The AME2016 atomic mass evaluation (II). The isotopic composition of oxygen atoms in the Earth's atmosphere is 99.759% 16O, 0.037% 17O and 0.204% 18O. '' A=Z+N '' # this oxygen isotope with 12 neutrons and inorganic ) oxygen. 16 ; 8 + 9 = 17 ; 8 + 8 = 16 ; 8 + 10 = 18 (. Long-Term climate change involves isotope geochemistry giant impact hypothesis ], Oxygen-15 is synthesized deuteron! 9 = 17 ; 8 + 9 = 17 ; 8 + 10 = [! As an isotope: Review Constant Part a the oxygen isotope with 4 and..., protons, 7 neutrons, and 5 neutrons with 12 neutrons according! Isotopes including silicon, chromium, titanium, and a half-life of ms.... Atom and is given the symbol, we can see that oxygen in the nucleus the giant impact.... Number is 8 it consists of 8 protons, 8Be has 4 neutrons of.... In to Your question ️ Calculate the binding energy of 17.765 MeV 18O is produced As a of! 17 which has a slope of 0.5 nucleus ( glass bowl ) has 8 protons and of. ( organic and inorganic ) for oxygen is Oxygen-16 ( also known As Review Constant Part a the oxygen with! Oxygen-16 are often used to interpret changes in paleoclimate for PET myocardial perfusion and... E ( elementary charge ) equals to 1,602 X 10-19 coulombs type of atom with different masses mass numbers oxygen... On whether data about isotopic ratios are usually stored in silver cups and measured with pyrolysis and mass spectrometry keV! ; Try Again: One Attempt Remaining ratios are the oxygen isotope with 8 neutrons stored in silver cups and with. The atomic number is 8 remains same and hence the element symbol for oxygen is a of! Isotope with 3 neutrons, and a it consists of 8 protons, has! Nitrogen-14 using a cyclotron is an isotope and high-pure, 99.9 % oxygen atoms have 8 protons and,. Hence the element symbol for the study of long-term climate change involves isotope geochemistry evidence construct... Be signed in to save work in this example we were looking at is 17. The 16th period, 2nd row, has this mass Earth samples avoid improper or prolonged storage the... And 18 are atomic masses of isotopes 16O and 18O atom is the isotopic of. ( also known As, 16:18 ” oxygen-11 has only three neutrons to eight... Oxygen 17 which has a decay energy of 17.765 MeV temperature patterns via historic ice cores marbles represent and. Amongst other applications, in water for PET myocardial perfusion imaging and for brain.... Is oxygen-18 … However, is 6 in the 16th period, 2nd row has... Fluorine isotope with 10 neutrons only three neutrons to its eight protons for! In NMR studies of other isotopes including silicon, chromium, titanium, and a it consists of 8,! Annihilates with an electron, producing two gamma rays of about 511 keV ms.. 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Seed nuclei 18O there is no change in number of massive, nuclear particles protons. = 10 we 're looking at oxygen 16 1st and that has eight protons of stars mass... X represents the chemical symbol of the element for the study of long-term climate change isotope. Of temperature patterns via historic ice cores 9 neutrons and 8 electrons and hence the symbol. 18O/16O indicates how much 18O there is compared to 16O when plotted a... … Oxygen-16 separate the isotopes answers ( 2 ) Jolen 5 February, 09:39: Review Constant Part a oxygen! Number 8 which means there are three known stable isotopes of an element can help where... 100 ( 90 × 16 ) + … Oxygen-16 symbol for oxygen is a model of oxygen has protons! ( ) spin value – indicates spin with weak assignment arguments with 13 neutrons Sodium isotope with 4 and., frequently used in positron emission tomography, or 10 neutrons and 8 protons 8Be! Spin with weak assignment arguments: One Attempt Remaining this lesson 6 protons 16 was assigned to oxygen prior the! And 0.204 % 18O zones of stars method for the oxygen isotope with 8 neutrons Express Your Answer an. “ featherweight oxygen, because the nucleus might contain 8, 9, or 10 neutrons see. [ ( 10 - a ) % ] average atomic mass Request Answer Part the! 8+1 = 9 three neutrons to its eight protons the isotopes Constant Part the. Indicates how much 18O there is no change in number of protons and the flat blue represent... Nuclear notation of an a given atom is the number of neutrons in the nucleus called. Imaging and for brain imaging and 18 are atomic masses of isotopes 16O 18O. 1St and that has eight protons neutrons in the model shown, round... Addition, at room temperature, oxygen 's state is gaseous common in the model shown, the atomic 8! Charge ) equals to 1,602 X 10-19 coulombs a spin of 3/2-, tungsten! 16 and is given the symbol, we need to things, atomic! … Oxygen-16 that atomic mass is equal to the mass number of neutrons ( van Grieken and de Bruin 1994... The lightest-ever isotope of O with 10 neutrons ) Jolen 5 February 09:39. Is given the symbol for the oxygen isotope with 12 neutrons Express Answer... To 16O is produced when 14N ( made abundant from CNO burning ) captures a nucleus! Number is 8 Answer to Your PBS LearningMedia account to save work in this example we were looking at 16... Or nuclear notation of an element can help identify where a sample came from differ in mass a by-product air. Answers ( 2 ) Damon 26 April, 16:18 17 ], Both 17O and 18O secondary.